Location: Northern India, bordered by Jammu & Kashmir (north), Punjab (west), Haryana (southwest), Uttarakhand (southeast), and Tibet (east).
Capital: Shimla (summer), Dharamshala (winter).
Topography: Predominantly mountainous terrain with the Himalayas dominating the landscape.
Altitude: Ranges from 350 meters to 6,975 meters above sea level.
Climate: Varies from subtropical in lower areas to alpine in higher elevations. Summers are cool, and winters can be harsh with heavy snowfall in upper regions.