Wildlife, Nature & Eco Tourism

Wildlife and Rare Species

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands, nestled in the Bay of Bengal, are a stunning archipelago of around 572 islands, many of which remain uninhabited and untouched by modern civilization. Known for their natural beauty, these islands are also a treasure trove of biodiversity, hosting a remarkable variety of wildlife found nowhere else on Earth.

Owing to their isolation, dense tropical forests, and marine ecosystems, the islands have evolved a unique range of flora and fauna, making them a hotspot for rare and endemic species. From mysterious reptiles and vibrant birds to exotic marine life, the islands are a living paradise for wildlife enthusiasts and conservationists.

 A Rich and Fragile Ecosystem

Over 86% of the land area in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands is covered in lush tropical rainforest. These forests are home to over 2,200 species of plants and animals, many of which are endemic, meaning they are found only in this region.

The ecosystem ranges from mangroves and coastal swamps to evergreen and deciduous forests, supporting an extraordinary range of life forms.

 Land Wildlife: Rare Mammals and Reptiles

1. Andaman Wild Pig (Sus scrofa andamanensis)

• A critically endangered and endemic species.
• Found deep inside forest reserves on some of the larger islands.
• Protected under Indian wildlife laws.

2. Nicobar Tree Shrew

• A primitive mammal that resembles a squirrel.
• Endemic to the Nicobar Islands and rarely seen due to its shy nature.

3. Saltwater Crocodile

• The largest reptile found in the islands.
• Seen in mangrove creeks, estuaries, and occasionally near beaches.
• Although dangerous, they play a key role in maintaining ecological balance.

4. Andaman Horseshoe Bat & Nicobar Flying Fox

• These rare species of bats are crucial for pollination and seed dispersal.
• Found mostly in limestone caves and dense forests.

5. King Cobra and Other Snakes

• The islands are home to several species of snakes, both venomous and non-venomous.
• The Andaman Cobra and Green Vine Snake are notable.

 Birdlife: A Birder’s Paradise

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are known for their vibrant and endemic bird species, many of which attract ornithologists from around the world.

1. Andaman Wood Pigeon (Ducula aenea andamanica)

• The state bird of the Andaman Islands.
• Rare and striking, often spotted in high forest canopies.

2. Nicobar Megapode (Megapodius nicobariensis)

• A ground-dwelling bird that builds large mounds to incubate eggs using heat from decomposing vegetation.
• Found only in the Nicobar Islands.

3. Andaman Drongo, Andaman Serpent Eagle, and Andaman Cuckoo Dove

• These forest-dwelling birds are unique to the islands and play important roles in insect control and seed dispersal.

4. Migratory Birds

• Wetlands and mangroves attract migratory species like Pacific Golden Plovers, Egrets, and Kingfishers during winter.

 Marine Life: Coral Reefs and Ocean Wonders

The surrounding waters are just as rich as the land. The coral reefs around the Andaman & Nicobar Islands are among the most pristine in the Indian Ocean and host over 5,000 species of marine life.

1. Dugong (Sea Cow)

• The state animal of the islands.
• Gentle, slow-moving herbivore often spotted in seagrass beds around Little Andaman.
• Critically endangered and highly protected.

2. Sea Turtles

• Four major species including Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle, Olive Ridley, and Leatherback Turtle.
• Nesting sites found on beaches like Kalipur, Dhani Nallah, and Galathea Bay.

3. Coral Reefs

• Over 200 species of corals supporting reef fish, starfish, sea cucumbers, and sponges.
• Snorkeling and diving in Havelock, Jolly Buoy, and Neil Island offer glimpses of this vibrant underwater life.

4. Sharks, Rays, and Dolphins

• The waters are home to Blacktip Reef Sharks, Manta Rays, and pods of Spinner Dolphins.
• Eco-tours and responsible diving operators allow tourists to witness these creatures respectfully.

 Flora: Botanical Riches

• Over 1,200 species of flowering plants, including Orchids, Mangroves, and Ferns.
• The Andaman Padauk tree is endemic and valued for its rich timber.
• The Nicobar Breadfruit and Areca palms are common in native agriculture and cuisine.

 Conservation Challenges

Despite being a protected region, the islands face threats from:

• Climate change and rising sea levels.
• Poaching and illegal fishing.
• Deforestation and habitat loss.
• The 2004 tsunami, which altered some ecosystems significantly.

Many areas are now designated as Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, and Marine Protected Areas to ensure sustainable preservation of this unique biodiversity.

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are not just idyllic beach destinations—they are living laboratories of evolution and refuges for rare species. The stunning variety of wildlife found on these islands makes them a crown jewel in India's ecological heritage. Whether you're an eco-traveler, a wildlife photographer, or simply a curious soul, the islands promise an unforgettable journey into one of the planet’s most unique natural worlds.